An Analysis of The Shadow Economy in Malta: A Currency Demand and MIMIC Model Approach

Authors

  • Glenn Abela Research Economist, Modelling Office, Economic Research Department, Central Bank of Malta, Malta. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-2677
  • Tiziana Marie Gauci Senior Research Economist, Economic Research Office, Economic Research Department, Central Bank of Malta.
  • Noel Rapa Manager, Modelling Office, Economic Research Department, Central Bank of Malta, Malta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11548

Keywords:

Shadow economy, Structural modelling, Currency Demand Approach, Malta, MIMIC

Abstract

The paper applies two commonly used methods in the literature to estimate the shadow economy in Malta, the Currency Demand Approach and the Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. Given the unobservable nature of the shadow economy, estimates are surrounded by a considerable degree of uncertainty. While these two methods differ somewhat on the historical evolution of the size of the Maltese shadow economy, which in turn can be traced back to their different underlying assumptions, both suggest that it has remained relatively stable over the last decade, standing at just below 21% of official GDP in 2019. Where possible, these estimates are compared to other studies on the same subject where we find that the dynamic properties of our variable follow those found in the literature.

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Author Biographies

Glenn Abela, Research Economist, Modelling Office, Economic Research Department, Central Bank of Malta, Malta.

Research Economist, Modelling Office, Economic Research Department

Tiziana Marie Gauci, Senior Research Economist, Economic Research Office, Economic Research Department, Central Bank of Malta.

Senior Research Economist, Economic Research Office, Economic Research Department

Noel Rapa, Manager, Modelling Office, Economic Research Department, Central Bank of Malta, Malta

Manager, Modelling Office, Economic Research Department

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Published

2022-01-11

How to Cite

Abela, G., Gauci, T. M., & Rapa, N. (2022). An Analysis of The Shadow Economy in Malta: A Currency Demand and MIMIC Model Approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 12(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11548

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