An Analytical Study on the Stability Properties of Energy Consumption from Fossil Fuels: A Panel Stability Test and Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test Approach in the Context of BRICS Nations

Authors

  • Gulmira Issayeva Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
  • Elmira Y. Zhussipova Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
  • Galimzhan A. Pazilov Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.19324

Keywords:

Fossil Resources, Environmental Sustainability, Panel Unit Root Tests, Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test, BRICS

Abstract

This study examines the stationarity properties of fossil fuel energy consumption in BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - utilizing panel stationarity tests alongside the Zivot-Andrews unit root test. Conducted with annual data spanning from 1995 to 2023, the analysis first assesses cross-sectional dependence and investigates the interdependencies of energy consumption shocks across the nations. Following this, second-generation unit root tests are implemented based on the initial findings. The panel unit test results indicate that while oil and coal consumption exhibit stationary characteristics, natural gas consumption does not. Further country-specific analyses reveal the presence of structural breaks in fossil fuel consumption patterns. The findings suggest that the dynamics of energy consumption in BRICS countries are significantly influenced by economic transformations and policy shifts. This study highlights the necessity of accounting for structural breaks when assessing long-term trends in energy consumption and offers crucial insights for policymakers tasked with formulating sustainable energy policies.

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Published

2025-06-25

How to Cite

Issayeva, G., Zhussipova, E. Y., & Pazilov, G. A. (2025). An Analytical Study on the Stability Properties of Energy Consumption from Fossil Fuels: A Panel Stability Test and Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test Approach in the Context of BRICS Nations. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 15(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.19324

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025)

Section

Articles

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